Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

liberalization of Constitution

  • 1 liberalization of Constitution

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > liberalization of Constitution

  • 2 liberalization

    лібералізація, послаблення, пом'якшення (законів, норм тощо)
    - liberalization of divorce laws
    - liberalization of import
    - liberalization of imports
    - liberalization of law
    - liberalization of regime
    - liberalization of terms
    - liberalization of trade

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > liberalization

  • 3 лібералізація Конституції

    Українсько-англійський юридичний словник > лібералізація Конституції

  • 4 liberalización

    f.
    liberalization, decontrol.
    * * *
    1 (en política) liberalization; (en economía) relaxation of restrictions
    * * *
    * * *
    femenino liberalization
    * * *
    = deregulation, liberalisation [liberalization, -USA].
    Ex. Particular attention is paid to deregulation of telecommunications and the role of European entrepreneurs such as Robert Maxwell.
    Ex. Without a written constitution, the UK has a durable political tradition of government secrecy, and all attempts at liberalization have so far been conspicuously unsuccessful.
    * * *
    femenino liberalization
    * * *
    = deregulation, liberalisation [liberalization, -USA].

    Ex: Particular attention is paid to deregulation of telecommunications and the role of European entrepreneurs such as Robert Maxwell.

    Ex: Without a written constitution, the UK has a durable political tradition of government secrecy, and all attempts at liberalization have so far been conspicuously unsuccessful.

    * * *
    liberalization
    la liberalización del comercio exterior the easing o relaxing of restrictions on foreign trade
    la liberalización del transporte de mercancías por carretera liberalization o deregulation of road haulage
    hubo una total liberalización de los precios price controls were abolished o removed
    * * *
    1. [de régimen, leyes] liberalization
    2. [de economía, sector] deregulation;
    la liberalización de precios the abolition of price controls
    * * *
    f liberalization

    Spanish-English dictionary > liberalización

  • 5 socavar

    v.
    1 to dig under (excavar por debajo).
    2 to undermine, to erode, to cut the ground from under, to dig away.
    Las lluvias socavan la tierra The rain undermines the soil.
    Las penas socavan el alma Woe undermines the soul.
    3 to weaken, to debilitate, to mine, to sap.
    El sufrimiento socava a Ricardo Suffering weakens Richard.
    4 to cavitate, to produce cavitation.
    El río socava The river produces cavitation.
    * * *
    1 (excavar) to dig under
    2 figurado to undermine
    * * *
    VT
    1) (=minar) to undermine
    2) (=excavar) [persona] to dig under; [agua] to hollow out
    3) (=debilitar) to sap, undermine
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to undermine
    * * *
    = undermine, sap, chip away, gnaw (at), undercut, hollow out.
    Ex. Furthermore, the value of citation bibliometry is currently being undermined by the formation of 'citation clubs', which aim to indiscriminately achieve maximum cross-citing between 'club members'.
    Ex. First the desire to read is sapped, then the will, and finally stamina to tackle anything but short, and immediately useful, passages.
    Ex. Despite the US Constitution and Bill of Rights, guaranteeing freedom of expression, there seems to be an onslaught of people chipping away at this social foundation.
    Ex. The rugby league is increasingly beset by a financial reward system that gnaws at its prime resource -- the players.
    Ex. The effects of liberalization threaten to undercut the delivery of a long cherished social objective.
    Ex. The Irish President said last night that Irish society is being hollowed out by individualism.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to undermine
    * * *
    = undermine, sap, chip away, gnaw (at), undercut, hollow out.

    Ex: Furthermore, the value of citation bibliometry is currently being undermined by the formation of 'citation clubs', which aim to indiscriminately achieve maximum cross-citing between 'club members'.

    Ex: First the desire to read is sapped, then the will, and finally stamina to tackle anything but short, and immediately useful, passages.
    Ex: Despite the US Constitution and Bill of Rights, guaranteeing freedom of expression, there seems to be an onslaught of people chipping away at this social foundation.
    Ex: The rugby league is increasingly beset by a financial reward system that gnaws at its prime resource -- the players.
    Ex: The effects of liberalization threaten to undercut the delivery of a long cherished social objective.
    Ex: The Irish President said last night that Irish society is being hollowed out by individualism.

    * * *
    socavar [A1 ]
    vt
    to undermine
    * * *

    socavar verbo transitivo
    1 to undermine
    2 fig (minar, destruir) to undermine
    ' socavar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    undermine
    * * *
    1. [debilitar] to undermine
    2. [excavar por debajo] to dig under
    * * *
    v/t tb fig
    undermine
    * * *
    : to undermine

    Spanish-English dictionary > socavar

  • 6 Caetano, Marcello José das Neves Alves

    (19061980)
       Marcello Caetano, as the last prime minister of the Estado Novo, was both the heir and successor of Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. In a sense, Caetano was one of the founders and sustainers of this unusual regime and, at various crucial stages of its long life, Caetano's contribution was as important as Salazar's.
       Born in Lisbon in 1906 to a middle-class family, Caetano was a member of the student generation that rebelled against the unstable parliamentary First Republic and sought answers to Portugal's legion of troubles in conservative ideologies such as integralism, Catholic reformism, and the Italian Fascist model. One of the most brilliant students at the University of Lisbon's Law School, Caetano soon became directly involved in government service in various ministries, including Salazar's Ministry of Finance. When Caetano was not teaching full-time at the law school in Lisbon and influencing new generations of students who became critical of the regime he helped construct, Caetano was in important government posts and working on challenging assignments. In the 1930s, he participated in reforms in the Ministry of Finance, in the writing of the 1933 Constitution, in the formation of the new civil code, of which he was in part the author, and in the construction of corporativism, which sought to control labor-management relations and other aspects of social engineering. In a regime largely directed by academics from the law faculties of Coimbra University and the University of Lisbon, Caetano was the leading expert on constitutional law, administrative law, political science, and colonial law. A prolific writer as both a political scientist and historian, Caetano was the author of the standard political science, administrative law, and history of law textbooks, works that remained in print and in use among students long after his exile and death.
       After his apprenticeship service in a number of ministries, Caetano rose steadily in the system. At age 38, he was named minister for the colonies (1944 47), and unlike many predecessors, he "went to see for himself" and made important research visits to Portugal's African territories. In 1955-58, Caetano served in the number-three position in the regime in the Ministry of the Presidency of the Council (premier's office); he left office for full-time academic work in part because of his disagreements with Salazar and others on regime policy and failures to reform at the desired pace. In 1956 and 1957, Caetano briefly served as interim minister of communications and of foreign affairs.
       Caetano's opportunity to take Salazar's place and to challenge even more conservative forces in the system came in the 1960s. Portugal's most prominent law professor had a public falling out with the regime in March 1962, when he resigned as rector of Lisbon University following a clash between rebellious students and the PIDE, the political police. When students opposing the regime organized strikes on the University of Lisbon campus, Caetano resigned his rectorship after the police invaded the campus and beat and arrested some students, without asking permission to enter university premises from university authorities.
       When Salazar became incapacitated in September 1968, President Américo Tomás named Caetano prime minister. His tasks were formidable: in the midst of remarkable economic growth in Portugal, continued heavy immigration of Portuguese to France and other countries, and the costly colonial wars in three African colonies, namely Angola, Guinea- Bissau, and Mozambique, the regime struggled to engineer essential social and political reforms, win the wars in Africa, and move toward meaningful political reforms. Caetano supported moderately important reforms in his first two years in office (1968-70), as well as the drafting of constitutional revisions in 1971 that allowed a slight liberalization of the Dictatorship, gave the opposition more room for activity, and decentrali zed authority in the overseas provinces (colonies). Always aware of the complexity of Portugal's colonial problems and of the ongoing wars, Caetano made several visits to Africa as premier, and he sought to implement reforms in social and economic affairs while maintaining the expensive, divisive military effort, Portugal's largest armed forces mobilization in her history.
       Opposed by intransigent right-wing forces in various sectors in both Portugal and Africa, Caetano's modest "opening" of 1968-70 soon narrowed. Conservative forces in the military, police, civil service, and private sectors opposed key political reforms, including greater democratization, while pursuing the military solution to the African crisis and personal wealth. A significant perspective on Caetano's failed program of reforms, which could not prevent the advent of a creeping revolution in society, is a key development in the 1961-74 era of colonial wars: despite Lisbon's efforts, the greater part of Portuguese emigration and capital investment during this period were directed not to the African colonies but to Europe, North America, and Brazil.
       Prime Minister Caetano, discouraged by events and by opposition to his reforms from the so-called "Rheumatic Brigade" of superannuated regime loyalists, attempted to resign his office, but President Américo Tomás convinced him to remain. The publication and public reception of African hero General Antônio Spinola's best-selling book Portugal e Futuro (Portugal and the Future) in February 1974 convinced the surprised Caetano that a coup and revolution were imminent. When the virtually bloodless, smoothly operating military coup was successful in what became known as the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Caetano surrendered to the Armed Forces Movement in Lisbon and was flown to Madeira Island and later to exile in Brazil, where he remained for the rest of his life. In his Brazilian exile, Caetano was active writing important memoirs and histories of the Estado Novo from his vantage point, teaching law at a private university in Rio de Janeiro, and carrying on a lively correspondence with persons in Portugal. He died at age 74, in 1980, in Brazil.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Caetano, Marcello José das Neves Alves

См. также в других словарях:

  • Constitution of Laos — Laos This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Laos Constitution National Assembly …   Wikipedia

  • Drug liberalization — is the process of eliminating or reducing drug prohibition laws. Variations of drug liberalization (also spelled liberalisation) include drug relegalization, drug legalization, and drug decriminalization [1] Contents 1 Policies 1.1 Drug re… …   Wikipedia

  • Economic liberalization — is a broad term that usually refers to fewer government regulations and restrictions in the economy in exchange for greater participation of private entities; the doctrine is associated with neoliberalism. The arguments for economic… …   Wikipedia

  • Military history of Sweden — History of Sweden Prehistoric Viking Age 800–1050 Consolidation Middle Ages 1050–1397 …   Wikipedia

  • Swedish Empire — Kingdom of Sweden Konungariket Sverige ← …   Wikipedia

  • History of Sweden (800–1521) — History of Sweden Prehistoric Viking Age 800–1050 Consolidation Middle Ages 1050–1397 …   Wikipedia

  • History of Sweden (1945–1967) — History of Sweden Prehistoric Viking Age 800–1050 Consolidation Middle Ages 1050–1397 …   Wikipedia

  • Sweden during the late 19th century — History of Sweden PREHISTORIC …   Wikipedia

  • India — /in dee euh/, n. 1. Hindi, Bharat. a republic in S Asia: a union comprising 25 states and 7 union territories; formerly a British colony; gained independence Aug. 15, 1947; became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations Jan. 26, 1950.… …   Universalium

  • Spain — /spayn/, n. a kingdom in SW Europe. Including the Balearic and Canary islands, 39,244,195; 194,988 sq. mi. (505,019 sq. km). Cap.: Madrid. Spanish, España. * * * Spain Introduction Spain Background: Spain s powerful world empire of the 16th and… …   Universalium

  • Economic Affairs — ▪ 2006 Introduction In 2005 rising U.S. deficits, tight monetary policies, and higher oil prices triggered by hurricane damage in the Gulf of Mexico were moderating influences on the world economy and on U.S. stock markets, but some other… …   Universalium

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»